Who can get breast cancer

Symptoms of advanced malignant breast cancer include, in addition to worsening symptoms and lesions in the breast, other signs not related to the breasts, such as nausea, bone pain, loss of appetite, severe headaches and muscle weakness.

Breast cancer genetic testing pathway – information for clinicians 2022

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Who can get breast cancer

Anyone can develop breast cancer, whether male or female, and people with:

• Age greater than 50 years;
• Family history of breast cancer;
• Obesity and sedentary lifestyle;

In addition, there are also genetic alterations that can increase the tendency to develop this type of cancer, such as those that occur in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. However, there are tests that can be done that help identify the change even before cancer appears, giving the opportunity to prevent cancer.

Symptoms of breast cancer in men

The symptoms of male breast cancer are similar to the symptoms of breast cancer in women, so when there is any type of change in the breast, it is important to consult a mastologist to diagnose the problem and start the appropriate treatment.

Main types of breast cancer

There are several different types of breast cancer, depending on its development, with some being more aggressive than others. The main ones are:

• Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): is a type of early stage breast cancer that develops in the ducts and, therefore, has a high chance of cure;
• Lobular carcinoma in situ (CLIS): it is the second most common type in women and is also found in its initial stage, but it is located in the milk-producing glands. This type is less aggressive and easy to treat;
• Invasive ductal carcinoma (ICD): is the most common type of breast cancer and means that it is at a more advanced stage in which the cancer started in the milk-producing gland, but has spread outside, and can create metastases;
• Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC): It is rarer and often more difficult to identify. This type of cancer can also be linked to ovarian cancer;
• Inflammatory breast cancer: This is an aggressive but very rare cancer.

In addition to these types of breast cancer, there are also others that are even rarer, such as medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, tubular carcinoma or malignant phyllodes tumor.

How to identify advanced breast cancer

Symptoms of advanced malignant breast cancer include, in addition to worsening symptoms and lesions in the breast, other signs not related to the breasts, such as nausea, bone pain, loss of appetite, severe headaches and muscle weakness.

These symptoms are usually caused as advanced cancer causes metastases of malignant cells to other organs in the body, such as lungs and brain, so they should be investigated by the breast specialist and clinical oncologist as soon as possible.

How to prevent breast cancer

Breast cancer prevention is achieved by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, it is recommended to have a healthy diet, with fruits and vegetables, to practice regular physical exercises, to avoid excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and to eliminate cigarettes.

However, to effectively prevent this cancer, it is necessary to perform a regular mammogram. Ideally, mammography should be performed annually, starting at age 40, according to the Brazilian Society of Mastology and the American Society of Radiology. The Ministry of Health in Brazil, as well as several European mastology medical societies, advise performing a mammogram from the age of 50, twice a year. Women with risk factors for breast cancer, such as first-degree relatives with breast or ovarian cancer under age 50, should be screened 10 years before the first case in the family.

In addition, it is also important to perform a monthly breast self-exam, 3 to 5 days after the end of menstruation. The importance of self-examination is always remembered in the government’s annual campaigns, known as Pink October.

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