Malformative scoliosis
The malformative scoliosis is the result of a congenital or acquired abnormality in the formation of certain parts of the spine, in particular, vertebrae and/or ribs.

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Malformative scoliosis
At birth, there are not many people who are born with scoliosis: we tend to think that it is a disease that starts in childhood or adolescence, but this is not true, because more than half of the cases of scoliosis do not start at that age. Therefore, we focus our attention on the malformative scoliosis.
There are some syndromes where you can find a spinal deformity; it must be taken into account that even if it does not appear at birth or in childhood it can manifest itself later in life: psoriasis , neurofibromatosis and neurofibromatosis.
Scoliosis is called “malformative” when the cause of this spinal deviation does not lie, as in simple scoliosis, in a simple muscle imbalance between the two sides of the back, but in a congenital or acquired malformation. We are talking about malformative scoliosis, scoliosis of a secondary nature, that is, which find their cause in genetic diseases that often do not lead to a malformation of the structure of the spine itself. It usually has individual characteristics and is often accompanied by ligamentous hyperlaxity. They are characterized by the presence of vertebral malformations, the vertebrae lose their symmetry (epispondili). Losing their symmetry, they will not allow correct support for the vertebrae above, which will be inclined. Often these types of scoliosis are found at birth.
The scoliosis of a secondary nature are usually associated with genetic diseases that do not lead to the malformation of the structure of the spine itself. It usually has individual characteristics and is often accompanied by ligamentous hyperlaxity. They are characterized by the presence of vertebral malformations, the vertebrae lose their symmetry (epispondili). Losing their symmetry, they will not allow correct support for the vertebrae above, which will be inclined. Often these types of scoliosis are found at birth.
What is a malformative scoliosis?
The malformative scoliosis is the result of a congenital or acquired abnormality in the formation of certain parts of the spine, in particular, vertebrae and/or ribs. The deformity is visible from birth, but with time it can get worse.
How does it manifest itself?
In general, this type of curvature does not cause pain but only when there is an additional factor such as abnormal growth or inflammation of one or more discs on which vertebrae sit. In addition to causing pain, these types of curvature determine an aesthetic deformity that can undermine self-esteem and reduce quality of life.
A typical example is Marfan’s syndrome.
It is a genetic disease, transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance, which affects connective tissue throughout soft tissues and bone structures. The most common manifestations (90%) affect the heart and cardiovascular system. The main pathological changes concern the aorta and mitral valve. Neurological manifestations are present in about 25% of cases: hernia discalbia, headache and migraine, optical problems, epilepsy and cranial nerve palsy.
1. The terminology of spinal malformations is not yet well established, and there are many variations in the literature. We will call malformative scoliosis, scoliosis of a secondary nature, that is, which find their cause in genetic diseases that often do not lead to a malformation of the structure of the spine itself. It usually has individual characteristics and is often accompanied by ligamentous hyperlaxity. They are characterized by the presence of vertebral malformations, the vertebrae lose their symmetry (epispondili). Losing their symmetry, they will not allow correct support for the vertebrae above, which will be inclined. Often these types of scoliosis are found at birth.
2. In secondary scoliosis we find a disturbance of the posterior spinal elements (ligaments), which results in an imbalance between the front and back forces resulting from muscle contraction and gravity. This imbalance results in an increase in lateral curvature with age, with a gradual worsening of postural disorders in general and respiratory conditions.
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