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Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is common during infancy, puberty, and in middle-age to older men. Gynecomastia appears to be common in about 40–60% of healthy men. It is also commonly seen after administration of hormone therapy for prostate cancer.

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Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is common during infancy, puberty, and in middle-age to older men. Gynecomastia appears to be common in about 40–60% of healthy men. It is also commonly seen after administration of hormone therapy for prostate cancer.
Gynecomastia is caused by a reduction in the amount of the hormone testosterone compared to estrogen. This can occur in males of all ages.
The condition can affect one or both breasts, sometimes unevenly. Males of any age may be affected, but it is particularly common in newborns, adolescents and men older than 50 years.
Causes
Gynecomastia is the result of an imbalance between the hormones testosterone and estrogen. Estrogen causes breast tissue to grow. When estrogen levels are high compared to testosterone levels, gynecomastia results. Normal male breast tissue contains no significant amount of lobules (milk glands), but gynecomastia typically involves the presence of such lobules.
Gynecomastia can occur during early childhood, puberty, and older age (60 years and older), which may be caused by decreasing testosterone production with aging (see Andropause). It may be unilateral (one-sided) or bilateral (both sides).
Causes include:
- Low testosterone level (due to inherited or acquired abnormalities)
- High level of estrogens due to obesity, tumors (rare), or use of medications that interfere with the conversion of testosterone into estrogen
- Liver disease which decreases testosterone metabolism (drugs and alcohol abuse, liver cirrhosis, some toxins)
- Testicular tumors that produce estrogen or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
- Inherited diseases such as Kleinfelter syndrome
Gynecomastia is more common in infants, teenagers, and older men. It is generally caused by an imbalance between the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone. In newborn infants and prepubertal males, gynecomastia is usually due to transient increases in circulating estrogen levels from maternal estrogens or may be related to prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland. In adult men it may be a result of decreased testosterone levels, increased estrogen levels from certain drugs or medical conditions, or both.
Gynecomastia can be present at birth, during puberty or later in life. The condition usually goes away on its own or within two years. But if it doesn’t, medication or surgery can help.
Adolescent gynecomastia
Gynecomastia affects an estimated 40 to 60 percent of men, occurring most often between the ages of 50 and 80. Gynecomastia that occurs in adolescent boys usually resolves on its own within six months to two years.
Adult gynecomastia
Adult gynecomastia may occur as a result of:
An imbalance of the hormones estrogen and testosterone
Use of recreational drugs such as marijuana or heroin
Use of certain medications, including some drugs for heart disease and ulcers, antibiotics, chemotherapy, antidepressants and ulcer medication (cimetidine)
Gynecomastia is common among newborn male infants due to exposure to maternal estrogens, and in boys going through puberty. About one third of adult males will develop gynecomastia at some point during their life. It usually goes away once the hormonal imbalance is corrected, but if it persists, treatment may be required.
Men with gynecomastia have an increased risk of developing breast cancer; however, this is still extremely rare.
Gynecomastia is a relatively common condition that can affect men of all ages and backgrounds. For many men, the condition is caused by an imbalance between estrogen and testosterone in the body.
If you are suffering from gynecomastia, we offer several treatment options for your consideration, including hormone therapy and gynecomastia surgery.
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