Causes of scoliosis in children

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The reasons for the development of curvature of the spine in children allow us to distinguish between congenital and acquired forms of the disease. The first option is due to abnormalities in the formation of the spine and ribs in the fetus during pregnancy.

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Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a persistent curvature of the spine in the frontal plane. Posture disorders in children are more often formed during the period of intensive growth. An orthopedist treats the disease. According to the indications, a neurologist and endocrinologist may be involved. re curvature.

General information

Scoliosis is a pathological curvature of the spine in which there is a rotation around the longitudinal axis. The changes also affect the internal organs. They are squeezed, change their position, which in turn leads to a violation of their functionality.

Scoliosis is diagnosed in 5-10% of children. Girls get sick 9 times more often than boys. Children aged 5 to 12 fall into the risk category. During this period, the spine grows rapidly. If a child sits incorrectly at a desk, does not play sports, scoliosis develops especially quickly.

Classification: types of scoliosis in children

Depending on the age of the young patient, there are 3 types of curvature of the spine (scoliosis) in children:

infant, or infantile – occurs up to 3 years;
children’s or juvenile – from 3 to 10 years;
youth – from 10 to 18 years.

Parents usually see children with scoliosis between the ages of 8 and 14. During this period, the symptoms of the disease become especially noticeable. Sometimes the pathology is diagnosed only during a routine medical examination.

Depending on the direction of curvature, scoliosis is distinguished:

C-shaped (with 1 arc);
S-shaped (with 2 arcs);
Z-shaped (with 3 arcs).

Changes in the shape of the spine occur in the thoracic, lumbar or sacral regions. If the disorders affect 2-3 departments, scoliosis is called combined.

Symptoms of scoliosis in children

Signs of scoliosis in children depend on the degree of curvature of the spine relative to the normal position and, accordingly, the stage of the disease.

The first. The spine is tilted less than 10 degrees. At inspection asymmetry of shoulders, small stooping, an arrangement of shoulders at different height is appreciable.
The second. The spine deviates by 10-25 degrees, twisting around the axis. A roller of muscle tissue is formed at the site of curvature. In a straight position the expressed asymmetry of shoulders, hips, folds on buttocks is viewed. If the child leans forward, the vertebrae protrude unevenly, one of the shoulder blades rises higher.
The third. This is an advanced stage of childhood curvature of the spine, in which one shoulder is noticeably higher than the other. One leg shorter, pelvic bones skewed. The vertebrae acquire a wedge-shaped shape, in the area of the ribs highlights the hump. Along with external signs of scoliosis indicates a deterioration in health due to compression of the internal organs. The child complains of headaches, shortness of breath, fatigue. Movements are limited. Displacement of organs causes problems with the digestive tract and urinary system.
The fourth. The most severe degree at which the whole body is deformed. The hump in the area of the ribs is formed in the direction of the front and back. Vital organs (lungs, heart, liver, etc.) cannot function properly. The child feels severe pain in the neck, pelvis, limbs. Hands and feet are numb. Due to autonomic disorders, there is a rapid heartbeat and high blood pressure. Immunity is reduced, the child often suffers from colds.

Causes of scoliosis in children

Acquired scoliosis develops due to the following reasons:

birth injuries;
polio of central origin;
muscular dystrophy;
polio;
spinal cord injuries;
metabolic disorders leading to skeletal changes;
excessive vertical pressure on the spine;
prolonged stay in the wrong position.

Contributes to the development of the disease incorrect static posture – stooping while sitting at a desk. Therefore, parents and teachers should monitor the child’s situation at school and at home.

Diagnosis of scoliosis

A pediatrician, pediatric surgeon or orthopedist can detect scoliosis. To do this, the doctor will examine a small patient in a standing, sitting and lying position. A scoliometer is used to determine the extent of the disease.

In complex cases, doctors recommend X-rays of the spine. For a detailed examination use:

CT and MRI;
computer optical topography.

When scoliosis is complicated by diseases of the internal organs, resort to cardiography, ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, consultations of specialized specialists are shown.

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